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Equivalence test

An equivalence test is a test that allows to conclude, with a specified confidence level, equivalence between observations.

When using equivalence tests, you must specify how large of a difference between group averages would represent a clinically or practically important (significant) difference, or how large a difference can be to be still considered insignificant. These limits must be decided beforehand and are based on scientific and clinical judgment, or industry-specific standards.

Equivalence may be concluded when the observed differences are smaller than the pre-specified maximum insignificant differences. When differences are larger than the pre-specified limits, equivalence is rejected.

In MedCalc, Schuirmann’s (1987) two one-sided tests (TOST) approach can be used to test equivalence. To do this, you

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