Biostatistics in Practice
Principles and Procedures

• Principles of Statistical Analysis
  • P-values and confidence intervals
  • Clinical versus statistical significance
  • Sample size and statistical power
  • Post-hoc power analysis
• Descriptive Statistics
  • Univariate statistics
  • Visualizing univariate data
  • Are the data normally distributed?
  • Outlier detection
• Association and Prediction
  • Correlation
  • Regression
  • Logistic regression
• Comparison of Groups
  • Two groups of paired observations
  • Two groups of independent observations
• Comparison of More Than Two Groups
  • One-way ANOVA
  • Two-way ANOVA
  • Kruskal–Wallis test
  • Repeated-measures ANOVA
  • Friedman test
• Analysis of Categorical Data
  • Chi-squared test
  • Fisher's exact test
  • McNemar test
  • Risk, odds and effect measures
• Method Comparison
  • Bland–Altman plot
  • Passing–Bablok regression
  • Deming regression
• Reliability and Agreement
  • Intraclass correlation coefficient
  • Inter-rater agreement (kappa)
• Diagnostic Test Evaluation
  • Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values
  • ROC curve analysis
  • Comparison of ROC curves
  • Partial area under the ROC curve
  • Likelihood ratios
  • Precision–recall curves
• Reference Intervals
  • Reference interval
  • Age-related reference interval
• Survival Analysis
  • Kaplan–Meier survival analysis
  • Cox proportional-hazards regression
• Other Statistical Analyses
  • Analysis of serial measurements
  • Meta-analysis
• Appendices
  • Standard normal distribution (z-table)
  • Student's t-distribution (t-table)
  • References